Główne przyczyny i przejawy kryzysów w Unii Europejskiej oraz ich implikacje dla dalszego procesu integracji europejskiej

Abstract

The main objective of the present article is to outline issues related to the main reasons and symptoms of the crises that have emerged in the European Union (EU) in the second half of the 21st century and to indicate their direct implications to the realization of integration project in Europe. The European Union is currently facing a number of crises: the eurozone crisis, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) crises, the migration crisis, the crisis related to the Great Britain’s referendum on the EU membership and the crisis related to the leadership of the EU accepted by all the member states. The enumerated crises led to increased disintegration tendencies in the EU, which entail: tendencies to different levels of integration in the EU, “renationalization” of EU member states’ policies and decrease in attractive–ness of the European integration model.